Ingredient extraction and optimisation is the pivotal first stage in PBM manufacturing. In this stage, specific components are acquired from raw materials to formulate the desired PBM product. More specifically, this process involves extracting and purifying functional ingredients—such as proteins, flavours, colours, oils, and bioactive compounds—from crops to match the functional needs of the PBM product. To enhance the functionality and viability of these ingredients in food products, the crop can undergo modification through selective breeding or genetic engineering. The final purified product can then be further optimised through chemical or physical means.